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BULGAR

Refund sa bahay at lupa na hindi na nahuhulugan

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | October 30, 2023


Dear Chief Acosta,


Noong Hulyo 2019, ako ay bumili ng bahay at lupa mula sa isang developer na kung saan ang aking monthly amortization ay nagkakahalaga ng Php 15,000.00. Ako ay naghuhulog sa kanya sa nakalipas na apat na taon, bagama’t hindi ito tuluy-tuloy sapagkat ilang buwan akong hindi nakapaghulog noong nakaraang taon dahil nawalan ako ng trabaho. Ang kabuuang halaga ng aking naibayad ay Php 270,000.00.


Ngayon ay nawalan muli ako ng trabaho at hindi ko na kakayanin pa na magbayad.


Maaari ba akong makakuha ng refund mula sa developer ng binili kong bahay at lupa? - Laurice


Dear Laurice,


Ang batas na sasaklaw patungkol sa iyong katanungan ay ang Republic Act 6552, o mas kilala bilang Realty Installment Buyer Act o Maceda Law. Nakasaad sa Section 3 ng nasabing batas:


“Section 3. In all transactions or contracts involving the sale or financing of real estate on installment payments, including residential condominium apartments but excluding industrial lots, commercial buildings and sales to tenants under Republic Act Numbered Thirty-eight hundred forty-four, as amended by Republic Act Numbered Sixty-three hundred eighty-nine, where the buyer has paid at least two years of installments, the buyer is entitled to the following rights in case he defaults in the payment of succeeding installments:


a. To pay, without additional interest, the unpaid installments due within the total grace period earned by him which is hereby fixed at the rate of one month grace period for every one year of installment payments made: Provided, That this right shall be exercised by the buyer only once in every five years of the life of the contract and its extensions, if any.

b. If the contract is canceled, the seller shall refund to the buyer the cash surrender value of the payments on the property equivalent to fifty per cent of the total payments made, and, after five years of installments, an additional five per cent every year but not to exceed ninety per cent of the total payments made: Provided, That the actual cancellation of the contract shall take place after thirty days from receipt by the buyer of the notice of cancellation or the demand for rescission of the contract by a notarial act and upon full payment of the cash surrender value to the buyer.


Down payments, deposits or options on the contract shall be included in the computation of the total number of installment payments made.”

Kaugnay nito, sinabi ng Korte Suprema sa kasong Orbe v. Filinvest Land (G.R. No. 208185, 06 September 2017, Ponente: Honorable Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen) na:


The phrase “at least two years of installments” refers to value and time. It does not only refer to the period when the buyer has been making payments, with total disregard for the value that the buyer has actually conveyed.”


Samakatuwid, ang isang mamimili na nakapagbayad nang hindi bababa sa halagang katumbas ng dalawang taong installments ay dapat bigyan ng grace period na itinalaga ng batas. Kung sakaling hindi pa rin makapagbayad sa loob ng itinakdang grace period at ang kontrata ay nakansela na, siya ay may karapatan sa cash surrender value ng kanyang naibayad alinsunod pa rin sa nasabing batas. Ayon sa Korte Suprema, ang mga katagang “at least two years of installments” ay hindi lamang tumutukoy sa haba ng panahon ng pagbabayad. Ito rin ay tumutukoy sa halagang naibayad.


Sa iyong sitwasyon, ang katumbas ng dalawang taong buwanang installment ay nagkakahalaga ng Php 360,000.00. Bagama’t ikaw ay nakapagbayad sa loob ng mahigit na dalawang taon, ang kabuuang halaga na iyong ibinayad ay Php 270,000.00 lamang.


Dahil dito, hindi ka maaaring mag-demand ng refund. Ang probisyon sa Section 4 ng nabanggit na batas ang siyang gagabay sa iyong sitwasyon na kung saan ikaw ay mabibigyan lamang ng grace period upang magbayad, at hindi ang karapatang makakuha ng refund.


Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay.


Maraming salamat sa inyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.


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