ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | Feb. 20, 2025
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Dear Chief Acosta,
May katanungan ako tungkol sa pagrehistro ng sertipiko ng kapanganakan ng pamangkin ko. Ang kapatid kong si Ate Marriane ay nagkaroon ng anak sa kanyang kinakasama. Hindi sila kasal sapagkat ang lalaking kinakasama niya ay kasal na sa iba, bago pa man sila nagsama. Ang ginawa ng kanyang kinakasama ay inirehistro niya ang kanilang anak nang hindi alam at walang lagda ng aking ate. Maaari bang magsumite si Ate Marianne ng petisyon para makansela ang nasabing sertipiko ng kapanganakan ng aking pamangkin?
— Sheryn
Dear Sheryn,
Ayon sa Act No. 3753, o mas kilala bilang “Civil Registry Law,” kung ang anak ay hindi lehitimo, ang sertipiko ng kapanganakan nito ay kinakailangang may lagda at sinumpaan ng kanyang parehas na ina at ama, o kaya naman ng kanyang ina lamang kung ayaw ng ama. Ito ay alinsunod sa Seksyon 5 ng Act No. 3753:
“Section 5. Registration and Certification of Birth. -- The declaration of the physician or midwife in attendance at the birth or, in default thereof, the declaration of either parent of the newborn child, shall be sufficient for the registration of a birth in the civil register. Such declaration shall be exempt from the documentary stamp tax and shall be sent to the local civil registrar not later than thirty days after the birth, by the physician, or midwife in attendance at the birth or by either parent of the newly born child.
In such declaration, the persons above mentioned shall certify to the following facts: (a) date and hour of birth; (b) sex and nationality of infant; (c) names, citizenship, and religion of parents or, in case the father is not known, of the mother alone; (d) civil status of parents; (e) place where the infant was born; (f) and such other data may be required in the regulation to be issued.
In the case of an exposed child, the person who found the same shall report to the local civil registrar the place, date and hour of finding and other attendant circumstances.
In case of an illegitimate child, the birth certificate shall be signed and sworn to jointly by the parents of the infant or only the mother if the father refuses.”
Para sa iyong kaalaman, mayroong kasong napagdesisyunan ang ating Korte Suprema na nakasasaklaw sa iyong katanungan. Ayon sa In the Matter of Petition for Cancellation of Certificates of Live Birth of Yuhares Jan Barcelote Tinitigan and Avee Kynna Noelle Barcelote Tinitigan Joanna Karla Baguio Barcelote vs. Republic of the Philippines, et. al., G.R. No. 222095, 7 August 2017, na isinulat ni Kagalang-galang na Kasamang Mahistrado Antonio T. Carpio:
“Thus, it is mandatory that the mother of an illegitimate child signs the birth certificate of her child in all cases, irrespective of whether the father recognizes the child as his or not. The only legally known parent of an illegitimate child, by the fact of illegitimacy, is the mother of the child who conclusively carries the blood of the mother. Thus, this provision ensures that individuals are not falsely named as parents.
The mother must sign and agree to the information entered in the birth certificate because she has the parental authority and custody of the illegitimate child.”
Ibig sabihin, ang ina ng hindi lehitimo (nonmarital) na anak ay dapat pumirma sa sertipiko ng kapanganakan nito, kinikilala man o hindi ng ama ang bata. Ang tanging siguradong legal na magulang ng isang hindi lehitimong anak, sa mata ng ating batas, ay ang kanyang ina. Kung kaya’t mahalaga na may lagda ang ina ng nasabing bata sa sertipiko ng kapanganakan nito. Mahalaga rin na siya ay sumasang-ayon sa mga impormasyong nasasaad sa nasabing sertipiko.
Sa sitwasyon ng iyong kapatid, maaari siyang magsumite ng petisyon para kanselahin ang sertipiko ng kapanganakan ng kanyang anak na inirehistro noon ng kanyang kinakasama nang wala siyang kaalaman at lagda. Malinaw na ang sertipiko ng kapanganakan ng iyong pamangkin ay hindi naisagawa alinsunod sa probisyon ng batas na nagtatakda ng tamang paraan ng pagpaparehistro ng isang hindi lehitimong anak.
Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay.
Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.
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