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Pagkakaiba ng robbery sa theft

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | Jan. 9, 2025



Magtanong kay Attorney ni Atty. Persida Acosta

Dear Chief Acosta,


Sinampahan ko ng kasong Robbery ang nagnakaw ng suot kong alahas ngunit kalaunan ay hinatulan lang siya ng kasong Theft. Maaari ba talagang mangyari ang ganoong sitwasyon na nag-iiba ang hatol ng korte sa naunang isinampang kaso? -- Ana


 

Dear Ana, 


Mayroong kasong napagdesisyunan ang Korte Suprema na nagbigay-paliwanag sa katulad na sitwasyon na iyong kinahaharap. Sa Del Rosario vs. People, G.R. No. 235739, July 22, 2019, sa panulat ni Kagalang-galang na Kasamang Mahistrado Alfredo Benjamin S. Caguioa, sinabing:


The elements of robbery are: (1) there is a taking of personal property; (2) the personal property belongs to another; (3) the taking is with animus lucrandi; and (4) the taking is with violence against or intimidation of persons or with force upon things. Theft, on the other hand, is committed by any person who, with intent to gain but without violence against or intimidation of persons nor force upon things, shall take the personal property of another without the latter’s consent.


Thus, the distinguishing element between the crimes of robbery and theft is the use of violence or intimidation as a means of taking the property belonging to another; the element is present in the crime of robbery and absent in the crime of theft.


The testimonies of the witnesses reveal that the snatching of the necklace was without violence against or intimidation of persons or with force upon things. x x x


In arriving at this conclusion, the Court is aware that Edwin was indicted under a charge for robbery, not theft. The failure to specify the correct crime committed, however, will not bar Edwin’s conviction for the crime of theft. The character of the crime is not determined by the caption or preamble of the information, or by the specification of the provision of law alleged to have been violated. The crime committed is determined by the recital of the ultimate facts and circumstances in the complaint or information. In this case, the allegations in the Information are sufficient to make out a charge of theft.” 

Sang-ayon sa nabanggit na kaso, ang pagkakaiba ng Robbery sa Theft ay ang presensya ng karahasan o pananakot sa pagkatao ng ninakawan. Kung ang snatching ay walang bahid ng karahasan o pananakot, tulad ng kung ito ay biglaan lang kinuha at itinakbo, ang krimeng naganap ay maaaring maikonsidera bilang Theft lamang, at hindi Robbery. 


Gayunpaman, kahit na Robbery ang naunang isinampang kaso na nakasaad sa Information, maaari pa ring mahatulan ang akusado sa krimen ng Theft, kung ang mga elemento nito ay napatunayan sa trial. Hindi gaanong binibigyang-pansin ang caption ng krimen, bagkus mas mahalaga pa rin ang ultimate facts na mapatutunayan sa trial ng kaso. 


Kaya naman, kung iyong napansin na ang naunang ikinaso mong Robbery ay kalaunang naging Theft noong nahatulan na ang akusado, marahil dahil ito sa pagkakabigo na mapatunayan ang elemento ng karahasan o pananakot sa iyong pagkatao, noong araw na nai-snatch ang iyong alahas.


Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay. 


Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.


Opmerkingen


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