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Pagbuhay ng Provisionally dismissed na kaso, walang double jeopardy

  • Writer: BULGAR
    BULGAR
  • May 13, 2023
  • 3 min read

ni Atty. Persida Rueda-Acosta @Magtanong Kay Attorney | May 13, 2023


Dear Chief Acosta,


Kinasuhan sa korte ang pamangkin ko ng paglabag sa RA 7610. Ilang beses ipina-postpone ng Piskal ang pagdinig dahil hindi sumisipot ang magulang ng bata. Noong huling pagdinig, hiniling na ng pamangkin ko sa kanyang abogado at korte na ma-dismiss ang kaso. Napagkaloob naman, ngunit provisional dismissal lamang ang pinahintulutan. Ngayong nakalipas na ang pitong buwan, pinabuksan ulit ng Piskal ang kaso. Hindi ba mali na buksan pang muli ang kaso dahil malalagay na sa double jeopardy ang pamangkin ko? Sabi ng abogado niya, ganu’n talaga, ngunit sa tingin ng pamilya namin ay dapat hindi na siya litisin pang muli.—Edelita


Dear Edelita,


Ang pag-dismiss sa kasong kriminal ay maaaring permanente o pansamantala lamang.


Ipinaliwanag ng Korte Suprema ang pagkakaiba ng dalawa:


“A permanent dismissal of a criminal case may refer to the termination of the case on the merits, resulting in either the conviction or acquittal of the accused; to the dismissal of the case due to the prosecution’s failure to prosecute; or to the dismissal thereof on the ground of unreasonable delay in the proceedings, in violation of the accused’s right to speedy disposition or trial of the case against him. In contrast, a provisional dismissal of a criminal case is a dismissal without prejudice to the reinstatement thereof before the order of dismissal becomes final or to the subsequent filing of a new information for the offense within the periods allowed under the Revised Penal Code or the Revised Rules of Court. (Pablo Condrada vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 141646, February 28, 2003, Ponente: Retired Honorable Associate Justice Romeo J. Callejo Sr.)


Nabanggit mo na ayon sa kautusan ng korte, ang kaso laban sa iyong pamangkin ay provisionally dismissed. Sapagkat pitong buwan pa lamang ang nakalilipas ay maaari pa itong buhayin dahil nagiging pinal lamang ang provisional dismissal makalipas ang isa o dalawang taon nang hindi binubuhay ang kaso. Partikular na nakasaad sa Rule 117 ng Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure na:


“Section 8. Provisional dismissal. — A case shall not be provisionally dismissed except with the express consent of the accused and with notice to the offended party.


The provisional dismissal of offenses punishable by imprisonment not exceeding six (6) years or a fine of any amount, or both, shall become permanent one (1) year after issuance of the order without the case having been revived. With respect to offenses punishable by imprisonment of more than six (6) years, their provisional dismissal shall become permanent two (2) years after issuance of the order without the case having been revived.”


Kaugnay nito, hindi malalagay sa double jeopardy ang iyong pamangkin, sapagkat mayroong pagsang-ayon niya sa naging dismissal. Sa katunayan, siya mismo ang humiling nito ayon sa iyo. Kaya maaari pa ring buhayin ang kaso laban sa kanya, maliban na lamang kung mapapatunayan niya na walang sapat na ebidensya na sumusuporta sa akusasyon laban sa kanya o kung hindi na makatwiran ang pagkaantala sa kasong isinampa laban sa kanya na nalalabag na ang kanyang karapatan sa speedy trial. Ito ay alinsunod sa paliwanag ng ating Korte Suprema:


“The proscription against double jeopardy presupposes that an accused has been previously charged with an offense, and the case against him is terminated either by his acquittal or conviction, or dismissed in any other manner without his consent. As a general rule, the following requisites must be present for double jeopardy to attach: (1) a valid indictment, (2) before a court of competent jurisdiction, (3) the arraignment of the accused, (4) a valid plea entered by him, and (5) the acquittal or conviction of the accused, or the dismissal or termination of the case against him without his express consent. However, there are two exceptions to the foregoing rule, and double jeopardy may attach even if the dismissal of the case was with the consent of the accused: first, when there is insufficiency of evidence to support the charge against him; and second, where there has been an unreasonable delay in the proceedings, in violation of the accused’s right to speedy trial.”


Sa puntong ito, lubos naming iminumungkahi na makipag-ugnayan ang iyong pamangkin sa kanyang abogado at alamin kung naaangkop at pasok siya sa isa sa mga exceptions na nabanggit sa itaas, at para na rin lubos siyang magabayan sa legal na hakbang at/o remedyo na maaari niyang gawin.


Sana ay nabigyan namin ng linaw ang iyong katanungan. Ang payong aming ibinigay ay base lamang sa mga impormasyon na iyong inilahad at maaaring magbago kung mababawasan o madaragdagan ang mga detalye ng iyong salaysay.


Maraming salamat sa iyong patuloy na pagtitiwala.


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